Combined typewriting and computing machine



F. A. HART.

COMBINED TYPEWRHING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED IUNE 25,1912.

1,338,014. Patented Apr. 27, 1920.

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F. A. HART. COMBINED TYPEWRITING AND COMPUTING MAC HINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, I9-

F. A. HART.

comamsn TYFEWBITING AND commune MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED !UNE 25| I911.

Patented Apr. 27, 1920.

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' INVENTOR= ATT I RNEY.

Patented Apr. 27, 1920.

I0 SHEETS-SHEEI 4.

F. A. HART.

COMBINED TYPEWRTING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, I917. 1,338,014.

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AT 'FO F. A. HART.

COMBINED TYPEWRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED H45 25, I917.

1,338,0 14. Patented Apr. 27, 1920.

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INVENTOI! WMM A170. EY-

F. A. HART. COMBINED TYPEWRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

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APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25.191?- F. A. HART.

COMBINED TYPEWRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED mums. 1911.

1 ,3 38,0 1 4 Patented Apr. 27, 1920.

I0 SHEETS-SHEEI I.

ATT N EY- F. A. HART.

COMBINED TYPEWRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION HLED IUNE 25 19],- 1,338,014. Patented Apr. 27, 1920.

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F. A. HART.

comamzo TYPEWRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, I917- Patented Apr. 27, 1920.

F. A. HART. COMBINED TYPEWRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

INVENTOR:

ATTOR EY- MPLICATION FILED lUNE 2511917.

Patented Apr. 27, 1920.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FREDERICK A. HART, OF NEWARK, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 UNDERWOOD COMPUTING MACHINE COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

COMBINED TYPEWRITING AND COMPUTING MACHINE.

Application filed June 25,

To all whom it may concern: V

'Be it known that I, Fnnnuiuon A. I'IART, a citizen of the United States, residingin Newark, in the county of Essex a nd State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Combined 'lypewrit-ing and Computing Machines, of which the following is a specification;

This invention relates to a combined typewriting and computing machine, and is an improvement on my application N 0. 816,189, filed December 9, 1914 (now PatentNo. 1,296,659, of March 11, 1919). Thed'evice in the application above mentioned is adapted to compute decimally, w l 1il e .the present application is for computingjnpart nondecimallyjEnglish money, that is totsa-y, pounds, shillings, pence and farth ng's,;.so that while sterling, pence and farthings are spokenof herein, these may be regarded as names for fractions having various denominators. f 3

Generally speakin the machine is of a type in which the digits are accumulated one by oneand then run up in a group into the computing wheels. There are two sets of computing wheels for the set of dial wheels, either one of which may hefbrought in'todriving connection with the di' it indexing or accumulating means, accorfing to whether it is desired to add or'subtract. -In

the present disclosure the pounds dial wheels are decimal. 'The tens of shillings dial wheel has but the digit l repeated five times at equal intervals. The units of shillingsdial wheel is decimal. The tens of pence and units of: pence dial wheels are joined so as to rotate as a single unit. This unit is a duo-decimal having ten di its from 1" to 10 with 1.1 and fO hesi es; The' fa rthings wheel is aduo'decimal having a cycle of 0, 1, 2, 3 repeated three times. I

For the accumulating or indexing stor ling, amounts. changes in the number and arrangement of the indexing pins are necessary. In-tho present disclosure thedenominational driving bars for the pounds dial wheels are provided with the usual nine pins, as the pounds orders are decimal. The other orders, where the exchange values to the next high order are different. from decimal, have. in general, one pin less than the exchange value of the order. That is to Specificationof Letters Patent. Patented A1313 2'1, 1920.

1517. Serial No. 176,697.

say, the tens of sliilli11gs har ,l1as but one pin,.1nasmueh as twenty, is the exchange value fromshillingsto pounds and two is the exchange value' froin the. tens of shillings to pounds; the units ofshillings bar has nine pins as it is decimal; for the units and tens of pence dial wheel, which is re tated use single element, there, is but oneba r havingeleven pins, one le's'stli'an twelve, ex change value from pence tolsliillings; the farthings bar has three pins, ,or one. less than exchange ralue four, from farthings to pence. a ,1, ,n, I, 1;;

- i ezse ies e se lie e m il ti .1 4 deems Pi e is 'ee s it inqu app e tion ,indirectly bylaserifes of; nika esiloperated by the.numeralkeyslfll to} 9.. .A series ..of interponent L bars ilbearingl inter? ponent setting pins: are prpiiided,.one. for each digit. column, except ng tens off pence. The pinson these bars aitelnorrnallyput'of registeixwith the pins onlthe denominational or drivingv bars, .and the setting linkages. the carriage ,travels from digit .column to digitcolumn, however, these :bars are ad- Ivanced, one'byone, so as toenablefthqpins thereon to act as .iiiterponents'ab'etween the settin linkages. and the -indexing' pins, where y the latter are set'toLtheopelfative position by the former.' These .interponent l)ars havethe same .number.of pins as the corresponding. indexing bars, -so"that the setting of the index .,pins,.for. .all .denoniinations, except the [units and tens of pence, is easily understood. 1 Inasmuch as there iS a. riutin notion in the tens of pence digit co nnm ;w 1,en te n or eleven pencev is. being computed, it ,is'fneces sary. to cause. a; control! 6 f the computing mechanism .atthis'time. .As tliere is but a single drive bar 'for units andltens of pence according to the present disclosure, the action must he. done on thispence bar, which has eleven pins for, both units and tens of pence computing columns. To do this, there is provided an eleven-pin interponent bar between the setti linlragesand the single pence driving in ex bar, which-may be termed the units of pence. interponent bar. There is also provided an auxiliary tens of pence interponent bar. This bar-is provided with a leverage mechanism having an extension normally out of register with any of the setting linkages, but capable of being brought into register with the l linka e operated by the l numeral key, w ion the latter is actuated in the tens of pence digit column as in computing either ten or eleven pence. That is to say, this supcrnumerary interponent bar is ad' vanced similarly to the other intcrponent bars when the carria e brings to the printing point that part the work-sheet corresponding to a combined typewriting and computing action for the tens of pence digit column. Once thisYsupernumerary interponent bar is advanced in this manner, an overhang on the lever mechanism will overlie the tenth pin on the units of pence interponent bar. When the 1 numeral key is operated, .the overhang will actuate this tenth interponent pin, which in turn will set up the tenth index pin on the single pence driving or indexing bar, as the tenth interponent pin-has an ofiT-set normally in register with the tenth index pin. At the same time, this lever mechanism shifts a lug to a position in the path of a projection on the units of pence mterponent bar.- "This fenabl'e's the .units of pence interponent bar as itis advanced :to an operative 'pos'itqn" when computin in .the units of pence digit umn, to l kewise force the tens of pence suernumerary interponent bar forward with 1t, so that the lever mechanism on the latter will once more come it necessarily set P n n e i sine within the range of the but inasmuci as the also in an advanced osition, the overhang on the lever will .pro- Ject above'the eleventh pin on the units of bar instead of the tenth in as previously. Now, if ten ence is coin uted, the 0 numeral ey will be operate but inasmuch as there is no set-- ting linkage corresponding to this key, there will be no setting .of any of .the pins operation .of the leverage on the supernumerary interponent bar; but if eleven pence is being computed, the 1 numeral key will be 0 erated in the units of pence column, so that the 1 setting linkage will actuate the leverage on the supernumera ry bar, so as to operate the eleventh pence interponent bar, setting the eleventh pin on the single pence indexing or .driving ar. It so hap ens in the present disclosure that the 1 ilnkage will also operate the first in on the units of pence interponent bar, setting up the first indexing pin on the units of pence driving bar, but a guard is provided which is in operation up to the last units space of moving of the general operator which actuates the driving bars, so that this first pin will -be restored to its normal inefiective position preventing it from interferin with t e computing action. Where e even pence is computed this guard will also restore the tenth pin which is ununder the circumstances.

a 1 a etting li a units of pence bar is and no pin on the units of The tens-carrying operation in the prior application is effected by udilqd steps of movement of the drive bars which are normally obstructed against this extra move ment by latch-held blocks in the path of the set pins on the drive bars. These latches are tripped from the computing wheels by means of tens-carrying rollers or teeth provided thereon. In the present application in the case of the pounds, units 01 shillings and pence computing wheels, there is but one tens-carrying roller but" in the ease of the tens of shillings and arthings computing wheels, there are a number of these carry-over rollers; the tens of shillin having live as it completes a cyclefive times in a revolution, while the farthings have three as it completes .a cycle three times in a revolution.

Other features and advantages will hereina fter appear. 4 a V In the accompanying drawings,

Figurejj. is a skeleton view'm elevation taken partly in section stromyiront'to rear, and showingflw general relation oi the typewriting".mechafiism'to the computing inedianisni'. f a

Fi isle, detail perspective view of a couple o'fthe index pins onone of the deriominational rack berg-showing one of the pins as set, and brin ing out the means for locking the pins in t lei-r unset position.

Fig.3 is a fragmentary view in side elevation partly in section, 1 hearing the relation of the interponent pins .to the index pins "on the denominational bars, and showing one oi the interponent pins in its deressed position in the act of setting an index pin.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of on'eaof the special'pins on one of the denominational rack bars which enables a carry over operation when no index 'pin has been set up thereon.

Fig. 5 is a erspective view of the mechanism for setting pins on the pence computing bar when computing ten or eleven pence, with the aid of cofiperating =pin-bearin and lever-bearing interponentbars actual) e in both the tens and units of pence digit col- Fig. 6 is a'vertical section from front to rear throu h the computing easing, showing the genera operator as started in its movement with the mechanism about to shifted for an adding operation. This figure also shows an improved form of the mechanism for effecting a tens-carrying operation.

Fi 7 is a. reduced plan view. showing the relation of the denominational rack bars or actuators to the computing wheels. This view also shows the variations in a number of pins on the several order bars corresponding to the different exchange values between several orders or denominations.

Fig. 8 is a detail perspective view showing the thrust links operated by the numeral keys, which in turn 0 crate the setting and denominational se ecting mechanism, and their relation to the latter as well as to the key lock.

Fig. 9 is a face view of some of the parts shown in Fig. 8.; N

Fig. 10] is a fragmentary view showing in dotted lines the starting position of the general operator handle,.and in dot-anddash lines. the forward position, and the mechanism actuated thereby, whereby this oscillation of approximately one-third of a revolution, or 120 degrees, will effect a complete rotation of 360 degrees of some of the parts of the computing machine.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view through the driving pawl; mechanism whereby the vibratory movementof the general operator handle gives a complete rotation to the general operator shaft.

Fig. 12 is a face view showing the several positions of the pick-up pawl illustrated in ig. 11.

Fig. 13 is a detail view of one of the pick-up pawls. V V

Fig. 14 is a detail sectional view of the mechanism connected with the other of the pick-up p'awls from that shown in Fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a; horizontal section showing the relation of the setting linkages to the denominational bars, and also of the denominational selecting mechanism to the denominational bars.

Fig. 16 is a detail vertical section showing one of the actuating denominational rack bars as having been moved forward with the 1 pin set, and without effecting a tens-carrying operation.

Fig. 17 is a view similar to Fig. 16, the mechanism, however, effecting a tens-carrying to a computing wheel in register with the rack.

Fig. 18 is a view similar to Figs. 16 and with the exception that no pin is set corresponding to the striking of the 0 key in the denominational column according to its denominational member. but in which a carry over is being eifected as having been initiated from thenext lower in denomlnation computing wheel. 7

Fig. 19 is a vertical section showing the 1 pin as set on one of the denominational rack bars, and the various positions of the general operator handle at the start, at the end of the running-in of the number, which in this case is 1 and at the finish of the stroke after the tens-carrying springs have been tensioned if a tens-carrying operation has not been effected.

Fig. 20 is a view similar to Fig. 19, showing the parts in a position corresponding to the start in movement of the general operator, the various angular positions of the general operator handle corresponding to a return move ';nt of the latter, showing the opposite rotations of difierent parts on the same axial center.

Fig. 21 is a skeleton perspective view of the shifting mechanism for bringing one or the other of the sets of the computing wheels into action for addition or subtraction.

Fig. 22 is a skeleton perspective view of the tens-carrying mechanism, showing the trip for the farthings computing wheel as being started into action. This view also shows that the farthings and pence wheels have twelve teeth instead of ten, with extra carry-over rollers on the far-things and tens of shillings computing wheels.

Fig. 23 is a detail perspective View, showing the tens-carrying mechanism in the act ofbeing tripped by a computing wheel, and showing the computing wheels as disconnect-ed from their actuating rack bar or de nominational member.

Fig. 24 is a sectional view taken from front to rear, showing the general operator and the rack bars on their return movement and as disconnected from the computing wheels; also illustrating how the pins are restored to their normal positions.

Fig. 25 is a perspective view, showing the tens-carrying looks or obstructors, with one of the same (the fourth from the highest in denomination) in a position to permit a tens-carrying operation.

Fig. 26 is a fragmentary top plan view of the tens-carrying trips, showing how they are offset so that the lower computing wheels bring into play the tens-carrying mechanism for the next higher computing wheels.

Fig. 27 is a detail View of the cam which controls the shifting of the computing wheels for both addition and subtraction.

Fig. 28 is a detail view of the cam which controls the restoring of any of the index pins which may happen to be set.

Fig. 29 is a. detail view of the cam which determines whether the special carryover pins shall be effective for a carry-over operation or not.

Fig. 30 is a detail view of the cam which controls the restoring of the carryover slides to their normal positions.

Fig. 31 is a detail view showing the mechanism set for subtraction and the general operator at the start of its forward stroke.

Fig. is a view similar to Fig. 31. except that the general operator and its handle have advanced farther in their movcment, and the computing wheels have been thrown into mesh with the rack bars for subtraction.

Fig. 33 is a skeleton perspective view showing the general relation of the more important parts of the computing mechanism.

Fig. 34 is a top plan view showing the relation of the tens of pence interponent bar to the units of pence interponent bar, when in their normal positions.

Fig. 35 is a vertical section, taken from front to rear, showing the parts illustrated in Fig.

Fig. 36 is a vertical section, taken from front to rear, of the farthings interponent setting bar, showing that it has but three pins.

Fig. 3? is a similar view of the shillings interponent bar, showing that it has but one pin.

Fig. 38 is a similar view of either .a pound interponent bar or the tens of shillings interpone-nt bar, showing that they have nine setting pins.

Figs. 39, 40, 41 and 42 are detailed views, respectively, of the farthings, tens of pence, units of shillings or pounds, and tens of shillings computing wheels, showing the varying numbers of tens-carrying rollers for the different orders according to the numberof times a cycle is repeated in a single revolution of the corresponding dial wheels.

Fig. 43 is acomposite sectional view showing the relation of the computing and dial wheels, and showing the fact that the units and tens of pence dial wheels are fixedly united to rotate as a unit.

Fig. 44 is a developed View of the various dial wheels showing the different numbering of the same corresponding to the exchange values between the successive orders.

Referring briefly to the parts of the typewriting mechanism, which in the present instance is shown to be of the well-known Underwood type, numeral keys 1 (Fig. 1) and alphabet keys 2, depress key levers 3, to rock bell cranks 4, so as to swing type bars 5 up rearwardly against the front of a platen 6, mounted to rotate on a traveling carriage 7. The carriage 7 is given a step-by-step movement at the striking of any of the keys 1 and 2, by the traction of a spring barrel 8, under the control of an escapement mechanism indicated in general at 9. This escapement mechanism includes a rack 10, pivotally mounted on the carriage 7, and engaging a pinion 11, to which is connected an escapement wheel 12. The escapement wheel 12 is controlled in its rotation by pawlsor dogs 13, mounted to be oscillated by a universal frame 14, which lies in the path of heels 15, one of which is provided on each of the type bars 5.

The numeral keys 1 in addition to performing typewriting actions, also operate computing mechanism indicated in general at 16 (Fig. 6). To do this, the computing mechanism brings into play a pin-setting mechanism, indicated in general at 17, and a denominational selecting mechanism, indicated in general at 18. The denominational selecting mechanism, which will be considered first, is for the purpose of according the denominations of the digits as printed by the typewriting mechanism, with the digits as set up for computation by the computing mechanism.

On the typewriter carriage 7 there is provided a rack 19 (Fig. 1), which meshes with a pinion 20 provided on a shaft 21, so as to rotate this shaft step by step with the stepby-step advancing movements of the carriage 7. The shaft 21 is provided with a bevel gear 22, so as to transmit the rotation of the shaft to a second shaft 23, through the intermediary of a second bevel gear 24. The shaft 23 is provided, at its lower end,

with a 45-degree worm gear 25 (Fig. 6),

which meshes to drive a worm 26.

Slidingly mounted on a shaft 27, parallel with the Worm 26, there is provided a traveling selector 28, which has a tooth 29 engaging between the spirals of the worm 26, so that as the latter rotates, the selector 28 will be advanced step by step to correspond with the advancing movement of the carriage 7. The selector 28 is provided with an upstanding finger 32, having a tooth 33 arranged to engage individually the back ends of a series of interponent selector bars 34. T he selector bars 34 are normally held by springs 35 in their inactive rear-most positions until a numeral key is depressed, when the selector 28 will advance whichever selector bar 34 it happens to be in register with, against the tension of its spring 35. The selector bars 34 are formed of two parts pivotally connected, and converge at their rear to correspond with letter-space movements of the selector 28, while being Wide-spread at their front to correspond with the wide-spread relation of the computing wheels.

The selector 28, however, does not of its own initiative, perform the actual work of shifting the selector bars 34, but is actuated when a numeral key 1 is actuated. That is to say, the carriage 7 while it does the light work of shifting the selector 28 step by step, does not swing the selector 28 against the tension of the springs 35. The actual work of this movement is performed by the numeral keys 1 themselves.

Considering this phase of the question, each of the numeral keys 1 from 1 to 9 is provided with a downwardly-extending thrust link 36, which is provided with a cam shoulder 37 arranged to engage a follower roller 38 on a rearwardly-extending horizontal thrust link 39 (Fig. 6). The thrust link 39 is connected to rock a frame 40, pivoted at 41. This frame 40 may be termed a universal frame, in that it is universal to all positions of the selector 28 when in register with one of the selector bars 34. The universal frame 40 is provided with a universal bar42, which when the frame is rocked will engagefand rock thej selector I28, mama before it theparticulai selector baiz '34 which happens to be in register with the selector 28.

The purpose ofthis selecting action is to enable the pin-setting mechanism 17 to set any particu ar pin of a nest of pins 43, according to the numeral key actuated, and according to the denomination in which it is actuated. The pins 43 are arranged in rows on denominational members 44, which, as will be seenlater, are also driving or actuating members, and are also arranged in transverse rowsofpinsof the same value; It will be noted by reference to Figs. 7 and 26 that the pounds and units of shillings bar have nine pins corresponding to one less than the decimal exchange value of ten; the tens of shillings bar has one pin corresponding to one less than two, the exchange value between tens of'shillings and pounds; the

pence bar has eleven pins corresponding to one less than the exchange value between pence and shillings which is twelve; and the farthings bar has three pins corresponding to one less than four, the exchange value from farthings to pence. The selector bars 34 carry corresponding series of setting 'or interponent pins'45, for the values 1 to 9 which, however, are normally out of register with the pins 43. The movement of any of the selector bars 34 against the tension of its spring 35 at the striking of a numeral key,will;bring the pins 45 in alinement with or superposed relation to the pins 43, enabling the pin-setting mechanism 17, when operated, to set, through one of the pins 45, one of the pins 43. To do this, each of the thrust links 36 has a foot or stem 46, arranged to engage an arm 47 on a rock shaft 48. There is one of these arms and rock shafts for each one of the numeral keys from 1 to 9. The rock shafts 48 ,are also provided with arms'49, arranged in order which engage and actuate linkages '50',"which lilrikages' comprise the usual upper and lowenreaches 51 and '52 connected by arms 53, so as to move in parallel relation. Normally the pins 45 are out of alinement and therefore out of reach of the linkages 50, but when any one of the selector bars 34 is advanced in a denominationselco tion action, it brings the pins 45 within reach of the pin-setting linkages 50, and within striking distance of the index or valuating pins 43f. v t

'It will thus be seen that as a numeral key is struck, it: will. first rock the universal frame 40 to bring the particular selector bar 34 corresponding to the denomination at the printing point of the tyliewriting mocha nism into play, so that the pins 45 thereon will lie between the pin-setting linkages 50 and the indexer valuating pins 43. Then further downward movement of the numural key will rock the associated shaft 48 to spread the pin setting linkage 50, depressing the lower i'each 52 thereof, so as to epress the particular pin 45 Within range, which in turn will depress the particular pin 43 beneath it, as seen at Fig. 3. The

particular pin 43' set will correspond in its distance from the front of the series of pins on the denominational member 44, with the value of the numeral key actuated.

'The interponentsetting pins 45 are normally held in a raised position by means of individual sprin 5.4 (Fig. 3), which are inclosed in gu'i' in casing 55 for the pins 45, and engage a col ar 56 provided on each pin. The downward position'of the inter ponent or setting pins 45 therefore is but temporary, as they will return as soon as the pressure on the numeral key is relieved. The indexing pins 43, however, are held in their depressed position by sprin -detent fingers 57, which also normally hoTd them in their raised position by engaging depressions 58 in the pins. "h or the purpose of simplifying the manufacture and reducing the cost, a series of the detents 57 are stamped and swaged from a single strip of metal 59, so that one detent member with its fingers serves a whole row of the index pins 43, and is secured in position on the associated denominational bar 44. It will be noted by reference to Figs. 34 to 38' that the number of interponent set ting pins 45 varies for the different orders with the number of indexing pins on .the

corresponding denominational drive bars beneath them. That is to say, for pounds orders and imits of shillings'orders there arenine interponent. setting pins, while for tens of shillings, units of'pence and farthings orders there are, respectively, one, eleven and three setting pins.

As stated above there is no tens of once denominational drive bar. and all a; the driving and indexing for both the tensfand units of pence digit colunmsmust beiaccolriplished' by a single denominational: bar which has eleven indexing pins settable thereon. Inasmuch as when ten or eleven pence is computed, the 1 numeral key is struck in the tens of pence column, use is made of this action for setting up the tenth and eleventh pins on the single pence denominational bar. To do' this, there is provided an auxiliary inter onent bar 225, Figs. 5, 34and 3 6,injaddit1on to the elevenp'ifn' interponent bar. "This auxiliary bar is similar to the bar 34 and is slidably mounted in the same frame and held in a rearmost position by one of the springs hen a numeral keyfl to 9 is actuated in the tens of pence digit column, then the selector 28 will advance the auxiliary bar 225 against its tension spring 35 to such a'position that an extension 226 on a lever 227 will come beneath the pin-setting linkage 50 corresponding to and actuated by the 1 nu- Ineral key. When this numeral key is actuated, it will rock the lever 227 against a tension sprin 228. This lever is pivoted intermediate its end on the auxiliary bar 225, at 229, and it engages and rocks a second lever 230 pivoted on the auxiliary bar. The second lever 230 is provided with a projection or overhang 231 which extends'over the pins on the units of pence interponent bar 232 (Fig. 34).

Inasmuch as at this time the units of pence interponent bar is held in its rearmost inactive position by a spring 35, the overhang 231, which has been moved forward with the supernumerary bar 225, will overlie the tenth interponent pin indicated at 232 Figs. 34 and \Vhen the conipound lever is actuated in the manner just mentioned, this overhang will depress the tenth interponent pin 232, causing it to depress the tenth indexing p'in 233 on the pence bar. This is possible as the pin 232 is provided with an offset or foot 234, normally extending over the tenth index pin 233, when the units of pence interponent bar is in its normal rearmost position. All of the other setting pins on this bar are out of alinement with the corresponding indexing pins on the bar below, when the units of pence interponent bar is in its normal position. lVith the setting of the tenth pin 233. the compound lever engages and rocks a third lever 235 on the auxiliary bar 225, so as to bring a lug 236 thereon into the path of a projection 237, provided on the units of pence inter'ponent bar 232. The lever 235 and its projection are yieldingly locked by a detent 238 in this position.

This mechanism is for the purpose of forming a means of connection between the units of pence interponent bar and the auxiliary or tens of pence interponent bar 225, so that the former may advance the latter with the actuation of the next numeral key. when the carriage has jumped to the next letter-space after the return of the 1 numeral key. This connection will only come into play, however, after the 1 numeral key has been struck in the tens of pence column corresponding to the computing of either eleven or ten pence.

'e thus have at the actuation of the next numeral key in the units of pence column, both pence interponent bars in their advanced position. But the overhang 231 on the CUHIPGlHlCl lever will now overlie the eleventh setting pin 239 on the units of pence interponent bar instead of the tenth pin. As the units of pence interponent bar has been advanced relatively to the pence drive bar beneath it, the eleventh setting pin 239 will now be in register with the eleventh indexing pin 240. This will enable the compound levera e, when actuated by the striking of the numeral key, to set the eleventh pin 240. This will only occur, however, wheneleven pence is being computed as when ten pence is being computed, the 0 numeral key is operated, which has no linkage operating on the computing mechanism, so that no indexing pin would be set at this time.

It will thus be seen that in computing ten pence, the tenth index pin on the single pence rack bar will be set up by the usual actuation of the 1 numeral key in the tens of pence digit column. It will be further seen that in computing eleven the 1 pin and 11 pin will be set on the pence bar. The highest, that is the eleventh, how ever, will determine the extent of driving movement of the pence rack bar as it is first engaged by the general operator. The other pins, that is, the first and tenth. will not interfere with the movement 0 the rack bar, as they are restored to normal osition during the forward movement oi the rack bar in the manner to be described. Inasmuch as in computing tenor eleven pence, the lever 235 is locked in its connecting' position, it must be restored to its unconnecting position, so that if future computations of less than ten pence are made, it will not be in action. For this purpose. a projection, which may form the housing for the ball detent 238 on the tail 2-11 of the lever 235, when the lever is in its connecting position, will project in the path of a cam 242, provided on the pence rack bar, so that as the latter moves forward in runningup computations, it will force the connecting lever 235 back to its passive position, where it will be automatically held by the ball lock 238.

In order to prevent the stems or thrust links 36 from backing away, due to the camming action of the shoulder 37 on the follower 38, each link 36 is provided with an extension 60 whichengages a bearing roller 61 (Fig. 6), which coiiperatcs with arms 62 to guide the thrust link for vertical movement.

To prevent more than one numeral key from being operated at a time, each of the thrust links 36 is provided with an intruder ()3 (Figs. 8 and 9), mounted for pivotal movement on the associated stems 36, and arranged to force itself between one pair of a series of pivotal locks 64. These locks 64: are so crowded together that they permit the insertion of but a single intruder (33, when all of the space through which they are permitted to swing will be taken up, whereby no further intruder connected to any other numeral key can be inserted betweenthe members of the series of locks. Hence, no other numeral key can be depressed. The pivotal connection of each intruder 63 to its stem 36 permits the stems to move vertically, and yet allows for any canting due-to eccentric swinging f the locking member 64. Y It has thus far been shown how the index or valuatin pins 43 ereset up one byone and indivi ually on the denominational members, so as to determine the extent .of movement of these denominational members, which are also'driiring members. The index pins 43 thus set up represent the digits of-thenumber to be computedand pro ect below ithe denominational members .44, so as to he in the path of a general operator 65, which is actuated to advance the. denominational members 44 amounts corresponding to the particular pins 43 set.-:

-The general operator 65 includes-side plates'fiti; connected by a cross bar.67,'which is provided with a series of plungers 68 in' line with the denominational bars 44; 'endso positioned as to engage any set pins -43-'on-th e-bars. The plungers68 .are normally'rheld in-arejected position,-wras.in Fig- 6;, by means 0 tension springs 69t-which are :co'nhect'ed' 'to levers I 300 inter-mediate theirends. Each of the levers 300 extends into afreduced portion 301 provided in each of the Lplhn'gers 68 and :has ahook-shaped lcnife-e' ge'plvot 302 engaging in aV-groo've 3 03 'provided in a'bar 304 on the general operator; By: this arrangement,- the Ipli'm- "gers fi8ylevers-300 and s rings 69 can :be readil y' assembled: Y It' 'Wlll be noted that *g -each of the levers 300 is provided with'a projection -or foot 305 engaging the front sideofa n'opening 306 in the general oper- {ntor' cross-bar through which the' leyers ekte'nd. This' 'limits the forward position-of "i the phmgers' accurately when'drawn'oii by their springs 69. When the general operator 'movesforward, theplungers 68 engage whatever index pins happen to beset 'on the corresponding denominational drive bar 44. 4 "1 he springs are utilized to-efl'ect carry-over operations, as will be explained hereafter. The-springs 69, however, are strong enough to permit jthe general' operator 65 toforce thdbars 44 before it without stretchin them until thefinal movement of-the-genera. operator.

- 'The general operator 35 may be given its: movement in any suitable manner, .and in the present instance is shown to'bedriven from a hand crank 70. which moves through approximately one-third ofa revolution. or 120 degrees, between the twodotterl-liue a sitions shown in Fi s. (5 audi or, in other words, from the full-line position shown in so Figl 1 to. the foreniost position 'shown'in dotted-lines in Figs. '6 and I and back again to the rearmost position. The crank 70 is secured to an inner shaft 71. on which is also secured a large mutilated gear 72,

meshing to drive a gear 73 which meshesdial whee they will be -otated=a ,cbrrespomlmg to the pins' 43 set up;.andi-thusraccording with the numeral keys which; have been previously struck. The arrangementiis such, however, that the computingmvheels maybe selectiv'ely rotated 2 in one. direction; for-adding, and -in'the opposite-direction! for 'sub tracting. To effect: suction-selective. driw'e,

the denominational bars i4'4 arelpimzidedzat their front endsf with 'raek 7-7y z'whichnnay be made;to'1drive;:dire'ctily: eitherra series-of in 'the former,-' '1 he adomputi-ng. operation.

; will be an"eiidingioiie', anti; whemdrivingnthe Iatter,=-1he comp'iitinguope iatiori I will, be: a

subtracting one. .u aim-:1 all H1- The gears :78 :are' ='each-'iseeureds ea; idem puting wheel 80, while! the igeh-rsni'i) are-each se'cu'red to a'eomputingiwheel*8D..-ml he computin wheels-amen rdial'or lnumberibearmg w ls '82,'-'- whichi areiiarruiwed-to exhibit tl eiriiumbers through asight. opening 83 in a 'casin'g 84 li'i 6)u vflheoomputing wheels 80' -m 'eslr i with thefrolhputing wheels 81, so that ifi'the earsrfi8lariiriameslnn'ith the racks 77;'the Emma computing n'rhecls and "their diahwhe'cls 82 iii ll 'also'. be i'ntate'd the directionof i otdtlon; liowerer, being opdirect 'rnesh with thmihtks-TIu dt will he noted in passing that-tbc coinputiugwheels for 'farthings' and p'ence F have "twelve teeth as theyare duo-decimali computing wheels.

All of theo'ther cbmflutingzwheeishavqten teeth as they are decimal compnting wheel's. In other wordsyit takes twelvennitszofdrive for the pence and farthingswlielstminakc a coinpldte revolntion whereas'dt o'nly takes ten ste s of rhovexhentiocmtipletoiarevolution 't-e other computing'in'heelsa The racks {7-7 have 'teeth' conrespdnding to the com uting v'vheels which they drive. i The s 82-"for-the differntiordersihai'e the digits printed-hn 'tlicm to'izorres zoond to the exchange \2 lue hf the orders]: Those for 1mund ;an'd= uhits nf rshillings have-each the digits'in: suocession from T to 9' with O. The-tens o'f shillings has the digit l alternated by a blank'spare repeated lire times. "The units and tens 01 pence dial wheel has the digits from l to '11 with 0." And the farthings dial wheel has 1 to 3 with 0 repeated three times for the circumference of the wheel. This latter indicates that the farthings wheel completes three cycles when it completes one revolution.

To enable the alternative drive for addition or substraction, the gears 78 and 79 and the computing wheels 80 and 81 are mounted on a swinging floating frame 85 (Figs. 6, 21, 22, 24, 31 and 32), which rocks about an axial pivot 86, so as to alternativel shift from a. neutral position, shown in "ig. 6, either the gears 78 into mesh with the racks 77 for an adding operation, or the gears 79 into direct mesh with the racks 77 for a subtracting operation as shown in Fig. 32.

The floating frame 85 (Fig. 22) may comprise side plates 87 and 88 supported by the pivotal axis 86, and connected by shafts 89 and 90, the former of which forms a pivot for the units comprising the gears 78 anal the computing wheels 80, while the latter forms a pivot for the units comprising the gears 79 and the computing wheels 81. The shaft 89 may project beyond the side plates 87 and 88, so as to be engaged by the shifting mechanism, which brings about a. meshing of either the gears 78 or the gears 79 with the racks 7 7.

This shifting mechanism may include a pair of rack bars 91, which have a slotted engagement 92 with the extensions of the shaft 89, and move in parallel relation so as to move the shift frame- 85 evenly. The rack bars 91 are provided with racks 93, which are driven by gears 94 and 95 secured on a shaft 96. The gear 94 is of greater width than the rack bar .91 with which it meshes, so that it presents a sufficiently broad toothed surface to be engaged by a double rack bar 97 (Figs. 6, 24, 31 and 32), which is used to drive it alternatively in one direction or the other according as to whether an adding or a subtractingoperation is desired. The double rack bar 97 encompasses the gear 94, and is provided with oppositely-facing racks 98 for addition, and 99 for subtraction, which may be alternatively meshed with the gear 94.

The double rack bar 97 is, in effect, then, a driver for the gear 94, and must be actuated before there is actually any driving movement of the denominational rack bars 44, so that the computing wheels will be in position to be driven at the time they are likely to be driven. For this purpose, the distance between the plungers 68 and the highest pins 43 is sufficient to permit an idle movement of the general operator relative to the driving rack bars 44, which will be taken up in shifting the floating frame 85 to bring about a driving relation of either set of computing wheels with the racks 77.

The double rack bar or driver 97, which effects the shifting, is operated at the beginor its rack- 99 with the ning of the forward stroke of the general operator 65. For this purpose, it 1s provided with a follower 100, which is en aged and driven by a. cam 101 (Figs.-27 an 31). The cam 101 has a steep use 102, which comes into engagement with the follower 100 at the very first portion of the stroke of the crank corresponding to the first part of the movement of the general operator 65, and will instantly force the follower 100 out on to a dwell portion 103 of the cam 101, which is concentric withthe axis of rotation of the cam 101. This movement is sufficient to shift the'frame 85 in one direction or the other for a complete meshing of the gears 78 or 79 with the racks 77.

The dwell portion-103 is just a little less than one-third of a circumference, sothat the driver 97 will be advanced'to actuate the gears 94, 95, and shift the rack bars 91 to bring about adriving relation between the computing wheels and the-rracks 77211; the first part ofthe forward movementof the hand" crank 'IOE and the era'l ,-operator 65, and will maintain-the rivin i relation until just afterthe' termination o the forwar'd stroke-of the genemi operator 6 5 and the hand'crank 70, when the follower 100 will move back atia'dip 104 provided beyond the dwell portion 108 of the cam 101.

Before considering the further movement of'thecam 101, it will: ,beshown how the driver 97 ism tomesheither its rack 98 8.1 94, seas to effect either an-addin'g shiftingir'asi-n Figs. 6 and 24;aor a subtracting s Figsfi3-1 and 32; Normally the driver 97 is held-by arspriingmfiflin the position shown inFig; 6, with the adding rack- 98' in mesh with the gear 94,-the driver 97 having a sliding fulcrum by being forked at 106 to encompass the shaft-7-L The other end of the driver 97 is yieldingly held in one position or the other by a cushion detent 107, whose apex engages alternatively in one or the other of apair of notches108 and 109 in the driver 97. When in an adding position the notch 108 of the driver is engaged by the cushion detent 107 and when in'a subtracting position, the notch 109 is engaged by this detent.

To shift from the adding position shown in Fig. 6 to the subtraetin position shown in Fig. 32, thereis provi ed a subtraction key 110, which may be depressed against the tension of a spring 111 to depress the lower end. of the driver 97 against the tension of its spring 105. The subtraction key 110 will be caught in its depressed position for one computing operation, by a latch 112, which engages a notch 113 provided in the stem of the subtraction he 110. If the subtraction key 110 should )0 held depressed for a number of subtracting operations, a special lock 213 (Fig. 6) may be swung into fting as in 'portion 103 of the cam 101.

position to engage a slot 114 provided in the subtraction key 110. W'hen the subtraction key 110 is depressed, it lowers the driver 97 from a position in engagement with a stop 115, to a position in engagement with another stop 116, when the rack 99 will be brought into mesh with the gear 94.

As the cam 101 rotates to slide the driver 9 downwardly, not only the cushion detent 107 yields to permit this movement, but also one of two other cushioning members 117 and 119 (Fig. 24 comes into pla to enable a subsequent return movement 0 the driver 97, when the follower 100 slips off the dwell It will be seen by reference to Fig. 24-, that the cushioning members 107, 117 and 118 are in the form of spring-pressed plungers which recede into a casing 119 before the oucomin driver 97, and serve to return the same w en the follower 100 has escaped the cam 101. The plungers 117 and 118 are alternative in their action according to the position of the driver 97 for an adding or a subtracting operation.

At almost the very end of the forward movement of the driver 97, the latch 112 is tripped by a pin 120 on the driver 97 engaging the same. The driver 97, however, is not permitted to unmesh with respect to the gear 94, as a lug or extension 121 will engage under the cushion 117 (Fig. 32 which forms in this way a guide lock. n other words, the driver 97 cannot esca e from the gear 94 until it has returned it, the shifting frame, and the comput' wheels manipulated thereby, to a nerd lid neutral position.

In a' similar manner in an adding shifting, the other cushion 118 is en aged by a foot 122 on the driver 97, whic prevents the unmeshing of the rack 98 with the ear 94, in case of an erroneous o eration o the subtraction key 110 while he general operator is in motion.

While the hand crank vibrates back and forth for one complete reciprocation of the general operator 65, it is not desirable to have the cam 101 vibrate in this manner, it being preferable to have the same operate the driver 97, then escape therefrom, and finally complete a revolution to its normal position ready for a subsequent operation, that is to say, it is desired to have the cam 101, and, as will be seen hereafter, certain other parts, efi'ect a complete revolution of 360 degrees while the hand crank 70 is moving forwardly and backwardly through an arc of about 120 degrees. To effect this motion, the cam 101 is not secured directly to the shaft 71, to which the hand crank 70 is semred, but is mounted on a sleeve 123 which is coaxial with the shaft 71.

To effect the drive of the sleeve 123 for a complete rotation during a back-and-forth vibration of the hand crank 70, the gear 72, which, it will be remembered, is secured to the shaft 71, is provided with a driving pawl 12A (Figs. 11, 12 and 13), which is normally held by a spring 125 in engagement with the shoulder of a notch 126 provided in the sleeve 123. The pawl 124 and the notch 126 are normally 'in re ter with each otlierwhen the hand crank '10 is at its normal starting position. As the hand crank 70 moves from the 70 position. (Fig. 10) to the 70 position, the pawl 124 advances from the full-line position (Fig. 12) to'fthe dotted-line position indicated specifically at 1241' (Fig. 12). Thatfls to say, during the third of a revolution of the hand crank 70 for the forward stroke of the general operator, it carries with it the sleeve 123 andall parts mounted thereon, one-third ofa revolution and leaves it there. During the return stroke of the hand crank 70 and the general operatorfio, tlii 'pawl- (121 escapes out of the notch.12 and 'returnsto its fullline position. The sI ee ve, ;123, however, is picked up and car ieddn :farth'er for the remainin two-thirds' of,a revolution; This is accomplished by providing a pick-up 27, which is mounted'loosely p'nthe sleeve 123 to rotate about; theQsaine axisas that of the shaft 71. The pick-u is provided'with a ear 128, which mes eswith a rack 129 (Fig. 10) carried by one of the side plates 66 of the general operator 65.

It will be seen that asthe general operator 65 moves forwardly in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 10, it will rotate the gear 128 in the direction of the arrow thereon, which is opposite to the direction-of rotation of the mutilated gear,72l The ratio of gearing between the mutilated gear 72 and the general operator 65, and from' the gen eral operator 65 to the rack 129 and to the gear 128, is such thatthe gear 128 will rotate twice as fast as the gear 72, and in the opposite direction.

The pick-up 127 in addition to the gear 128, is provided with a pawl or dog 130, which, when the hand crank 70 is at its initial starting position, correspondin to 7Q (Fig. 10) will line up withthe aw 124 carried by the gear ,72. "It will seen, however, that this pawl'130 moves backward] y with the gear 127 through two-thirds of a revolution, while the pawl 124 is advancing one-third of a revolution with the gear 72, so that the pawls 124 and 130, from a startin position in register with each other in the notch 126, which is wide enough for both pawls, will, at the end of the forward stroke of the hand crank 70, corresponding to the position 70", once more be in register with each other at the position indicated at 124" (Fig. 12), both again in the notch 126. On the return stroke, however, of the general operator and the crank 70,

the pawl 124 trips idly over the sleeve 123, while the pawl 130 takes up the work of advancing the sleeve 123 through the remaining two-thirds of a revolution, which will be accomplished during the return stroke of the general operator through the rack 129 and the gear 128.

The sleeve 123, then, has a comparatively slow advance of one-third of a revolution for the forward stroke of the general operator 65 and the hand crank 70, and a quick further advance of two-thirds of a revolution for the return stroke of the general operator 65 and the hand crank 70, giving in all one complete revolution of the sleeve 123 and the parts carried thereby, which includes the earn 101.

The return movement of the general operator 65 may be effected, if desired, by one or more springs 131 (Figs. 10 and 15), thereby insuring the return to a normal position. The return movement may be cushioned by means of a retarder 132, which permits a quick initial return movement for the greater part of the stroke, and a slow final movement, so as to surely take up the jar. This may consist of a piston 133 secured by its rod 134 to the general operator 65, and slidin -in a cylinder 1355 he cylinder is provi ed with a number of outlets 136, so that the air entrapped by the piston 133 for the first part of the'return stroke thereof, can pass out quite freely, ermitting the springs 131 to act quite rapi piston 133, however, passes the openings 136, a considerable amount of air is entrapped behind the piston which may pass out but slowly through a single aperture 137, so that while the complete return movement will be assured, the final portion thereof will be comparatively slow and cushioned to avoid jarring of the machine. Any fullstroke mechanism may be provided for insuring complete movements of the general operator and the hand crank 70, such as a two-way-acting spring pawl 138 (Fig. 6), which engages a sector ratchet 139 secured to the shaft 71.

Each of the computing wheels is prevented from rotating idly, when not actually driven, by a detent roller 140 (Figs. 6 and 31), which normally engages between the teeth of the rear computing wheels 80. This detent roller 140 is mounted on a swinging frame 141, )ivoted at 142, and having an arm 143 lying in the path of a pin 144 on the driver 97, so that as the driver moves downwardly to effect a shifting of the computing wheels for an adding or a subtracting operation, the detent 140 will be moved to a silent position. It will return however, as soon as the gears 78 and '49 are moved out of mesh with the rack 77 If a computing wheel passes through zero, it is necessary to effect a carry-over ly. After the operation to the next higher computing wheel. This is done in the present instance by the rack bars 44 themselves, through the aid of the general operator 65. If a in 43 is set up, the action is simple. Norma ly, when no tens-carr ing operation takes place in connectionwitii one of the bars 44, the bar moves a distance corresponding to the particular pin set, and to the numeral ke having been struck to set such pin. f however, a carry -over is to be effected through the accordant computin wheel, such rack bar moves an addltiona step to effect this carry-over operation.

In front of the row of pins 43 on each bar 44, there is provided a locking or blocking slide 145, which normally obstructs the movement of a pin 43 and its bar 44 beyond that accordant with the value of the numeral key which set it. The plungers 68, however, project to such a distance that by the time a set pin comes into engagement with its slide 145,'the general operator 65 has not quite completed its forward movement, so that it is necessary to tension the spring 69 for a distance between two of the pins 43. If however, a slide 145 is permit ted to recede before the oncoming pin 43, then the spring 69 will not be tensioned, but will advance the associated rack bar 44 an added step for acarry-over operation, which added step will be transmitted into a. rotation of the associated computing wheel either forwardly or. backwar ly according to the character of computation. The slides 145 are normally held against a receding movement by means of a latch 146 (Figs. 31 and 32), of which there is one for each of the. slides 145.

It will be noted in passing that the bar 44 for the farthings computing wheel does not have a slide 145 nor a latch 146, as there is no carry-over to be effected to it or its computing wheel, there being no computing wheel lower in denomination.

Each latch for a denominational member 44 is controlled from the com utin wheel of next lower denomination. or t is urpose, the latches 146, which hold the s ides 145 against a forward movement under the pull of their springs 147, are connected by links 148 to starting trips 149 (Figs. 22, 24, 31 and 32). The springs 147 eflfect the double purpose of operating the slides 145, and holding thelatches 146 in their locked position.

The links 148, as will be seen by reference to Figs. 7 and 1.6, are warped, so that each starting trip may be operated by a computing wheel of lower denomination while controlling a slide 145 of next higher denomination. The upper end of each trip 149 is beveled in both directions at 150 (Fig. 22). so as to be forced outwardly by a starting or carry-over member 151, in the form of a 

